ぜすと君と学ぶ!混合条件文の使い方
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ぜすと君文法解説:混合条件文の使い方
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るなちゃん混合条件文パターン1:過去の事実 → 現在の状況
if節:過去完了形(had+過去分詞)
主節:would+動詞の原形
意味:「もし過去に〜していたら、今は〜なのに」
例文で確認:過去→現在
If I had studied harder, I would be more confident now.
もっと勉強していたら、今はもっと自信があるのに。
※if節「had studied」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の状況を仮定。
If she had taken the job, she would be happier now.
もし彼女がその仕事を受けていたら、今はもっと幸せだろうに。
※if節「had taken」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の気持ちを仮定。
If we had left earlier, we would be at the station now.
もっと早く出ていれば、今ごろ駅にいるのに。
※if節「had left」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の場所を仮定。
If he had practiced more, he would be a better player now.
もっと練習していたら、今はもっと上手な選手なのに。
※if節「had practiced」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の能力を仮定。
If I had saved money, I would be rich now.
貯金していたら、今はお金持ちなのに。
※if節「had saved」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の状態を仮定。
If they had invited me, I would be at the party now.
もし招待されていたら、今はパーティーにいるのに。
※if節「had invited」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の場所を仮定。
If she had studied abroad, she would be fluent in English now.
留学していたら、今は英語が流暢なのに。
※if節「had studied」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の能力を仮定。
If I had met him, I would know the truth now.
彼に会っていたら、今は真実を知っているのに。
※if節「had met」で過去完了。主節「would+know」で現在の知識を仮定。
If you had exercised more, you would be healthier now.
もっと運動していたら、今はもっと健康なのに。
※if節「had exercised」で過去完了。主節「would+be」で現在の健康状態を仮定。
If I had listened to you, I wouldn’t be in trouble now.
君の言うことを聞いていたら、今困っていないのに。
※if節「had listened」で過去完了。主節「wouldn’t+be」で現在の困難を仮定。
覚えておきたい単語
- confident /ˈkɑːnfɪdənt/ 自信がある
- fluent /ˈfluːənt/ 流暢な
- save /seɪv/ 貯める
- abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ 海外で
- healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康な
混合条件文パターン2:現在の事実 → 過去の結果
if節:過去形
主節:would have+過去分詞
意味:「もし今〜なら、過去に〜できたのに」
例文で確認:現在→過去
If I were rich now, I would have bought that car yesterday.
もし今お金持ちなら、昨日あの車を買えたのに。
※if節「were」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+bought」で過去の結果を仮定。
If she spoke English, she would have joined the meeting last week.
もし彼女が英語を話せたら、先週の会議に参加できたのに。
※if節「spoke」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+joined」で過去の参加を仮定。
If we were older, we would have traveled alone last year.
もし私たちがもっと年上なら、去年一人で旅行できたのに。
※if節「were」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+traveled」で過去の経験を仮定。
If he were more careful, he wouldn’t have made that mistake yesterday.
もし彼がもっと注意深ければ、昨日あんな間違いをしなかったのに。
※if節「were」で仮定法過去。主節「wouldn’t have+made」で過去の行動を否定。
If I knew his number, I would have called him yesterday.
もし彼の番号を知っていれば、昨日電話したのに。
※if節「knew」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+called」で過去の動作を仮定。
If they lived nearby, they would have visited us last weekend.
もし彼らが近くに住んでいたら、先週末私たちを訪ねただろうに。
※if節「lived」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+visited」で過去の行動を仮定。
If I were taller, I would have joined the team last year.
もし私がもっと背が高ければ、去年チームに入れたのに。
※if節「were」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+joined」で過去の可能性を仮定。
If she were here now, she would have helped us yesterday.
もし彼女が今ここにいたら、昨日手伝ってくれたのに。
※if節「were」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+helped」で過去の行動を仮定。
If you were stronger, you would have lifted that box.
もし君がもっと強ければ、あの箱を持ち上げられたのに。
※if節「were」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+lifted」で過去の可能性を仮定。
If I understood math, I would have solved the problem yesterday.
もし数学がわかっていれば、昨日その問題を解けたのに。
※if節「understood」で仮定法過去。主節「would have+solved」で過去の結果を仮定。
覚えておきたい単語
- careful /ˈkerfəl/ 注意深い
- lift /lɪft/ 持ち上げる
- solve /sɑːlv/ 解く
- nearby /ˌnɪrˈbaɪ/ 近くに
- meeting /ˈmiːtɪŋ/ 会議
ぴこり混合条件文の確認問題
混合条件文をクイズで確認しましょう!「過去と現在」や「現在と過去」が混ざった表現に注意してください。
Q1. 正しい文はどれ?
もっと勉強していたら、今はもっと自信があるのに
- 1. If I had studied harder, I would be more confident now.
- 2. If I studied harder, I would have been confident now.
- 3. If I had studied harder, I would have confident now.
- 4. If I study harder, I am more confident now.
Q2. 正しい文はどれ?
もし私が今お金持ちなら、昨日あの車を買えたのに
- 1. If I am rich now, I would have bought that car yesterday.
- 2. If I were rich now, I would have bought that car yesterday.
- 3. If I had been rich now, I would buy that car yesterday.
- 4. If I was rich, I would bought that car yesterday.
Q3. 空欄を埋めましょう。
If we ______ earlier, we would be at the station now.
もっと早く出ていれば、今ごろ駅にいるのに
Q4. 正しい文はどれ?
もし彼がもっと注意深ければ、昨日あんな間違いをしなかったのに
- 1. If he had been careful, he wouldn’t make that mistake yesterday.
- 2. If he was more careful, he wouldn’t made that mistake yesterday.
- 3. If he had been more careful, he wouldn’t be making that mistake now.
- 4. If he were more careful, he wouldn’t have made that mistake yesterday.
Q5. 空欄を埋めましょう。
If he ______ more, he would be a better player now.
もっと練習していたら、今はもっと上手な選手なのに
Q6. 正しい文はどれ?
もし私がもっと背が高ければ、去年チームに入れたのに
- 1. If I had been taller, I would join the team last year.
- 2. If I were taller, I would have joined the team last year.
- 3. If I am taller, I would joined the team last year.
- 4. If I was taller, I would join the team last year.
Q7. 正しい文はどれ?
もし彼に会っていたら、今は真実を知っているのに
- 1. If I meet him, I would have known the truth now.
- 2. If I met him, I would have knew the truth now.
- 3. If I had met him, I would know the truth now.
- 4. If I had met him, I would knew the truth now.
Q8. 空欄を埋めましょう。
If she ______ English, she would have joined the meeting last week.
もし彼女が英語を話せたら、先週の会議に参加できたのに
Q9. 正しい文はどれ?
もし貯金していたら、今はお金持ちなのに
- 1. If I save money, I would be rich now.
- 2. If I had saved money, I would have rich now.
- 3. If I was saving money, I would be rich now.
- 4. If I had saved money, I would be rich now.
Q10. 正しい文を選びなさい。
もし彼の番号を知っていれば、昨日電話したのに
- 1. If I had known his number, I would call him yesterday.
- 2. If I knew his number, I would have called him yesterday.
- 3. If I know his number, I would have called him yesterday.
- 4. If I was knowing his number, I would call him yesterday.
混合条件文のまとめ
おりばー先生- 混合条件文は「if節」と「主節」で時間の軸が違うときに使う
- パターン1:過去の事実 → 現在の状況
if節:過去完了形(had+過去分詞)
主節:would+動詞の原形 - パターン2:現在の事実 → 過去の結果
if節:過去形
主節:would have+過去分詞 - 「もし過去に〜していたら、今は〜なのに」や「もし今〜なら、過去に〜できたのに」といった表現が可能になる
- ストーリーや会話でよく使われるドラマチックな条件文
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