ぜすと君と学ぶ!能動態から受動態への書き換え
ぜすと君
るなちゃん
ぜすと君
るなちゃん
ぴこり
おりばー先生
ぜすと君
るなちゃん
ぴこり
おりばー先生
ぜすと君文法解説:能動態から受動態への書き換え
ぜすと君
るなちゃん- ステップ1: 能動態の目的語を主語にする
- ステップ2: 動詞を「be動詞+過去分詞」にする
- ステップ3: 必要に応じて「by+行為者」をつける
おりばー先生1. 目的語 the cake を主語にする → The cake …
2. 動詞 eats を be動詞+過去分詞にする → is eaten
3. 行為者を加える → by Tom
結果:The cake is eaten by Tom. となります。
ぴこり例文で確認:能動態から受動態への書き換え
Tom eats the cake.
→ The cake is eaten by Tom.
トムはケーキを食べる → ケーキはトムに食べられる。
Mary cleans the room.
→ The room is cleaned by Mary.
メアリーは部屋を掃除する → 部屋はメアリーに掃除される。
They make cars.
→ Cars are made by them.
彼らは車を作る → 車は彼らに作られる。
John writes a letter.
→ A letter is written by John.
ジョンは手紙を書く → 手紙はジョンに書かれる。
The teacher teaches English.
→ English is taught by the teacher.
先生は英語を教える → 英語は先生に教えられる。
People speak English all over the world.
→ English is spoken all over the world.
人々は世界中で英語を話す → 英語は世界中で話されている。
She sings a song.
→ A song is sung by her.
彼女は歌を歌う → 歌は彼女に歌われる。
He breaks the window.
→ The window is broken by him.
彼は窓を壊す → 窓は彼に壊される。
They sell books at the shop.
→ Books are sold at the shop.
彼らはその店で本を売る → 本はその店で売られる。
The police catch the thief.
→ The thief is caught by the police.
警察は泥棒を捕まえる → 泥棒は警察に捕まえられる。
覚えておきたい単語
- write /raɪt/ 書く → written /ˈrɪtn/ 書かれた
- teach /tiːtʃ/ 教える → taught /tɔːt/ 教えられた
- speak /spiːk/ 話す → spoken /ˈspoʊkən/ 話された
- sing /sɪŋ/ 歌う → sung /sʌŋ/ 歌われた
- break /breɪk/ 壊す → broken /ˈbroʊkən/ 壊された
- sell /sel/ 売る → sold /soʊld/ 売られた
- catch /kætʃ/ 捕まえる → caught /kɔːt/ 捕まえられた
るなちゃん
ぜすと君能動態から受動態への書き換え確認問題
能動態の文を正しい受動態に書き換えられるか確認しましょう。全部で10問です!
Q1. Tom eats the cake. の受動態は?
- 1. The cake eat by Tom.
- 2. The cake is eaten by Tom.
- 3. The cake was eaten by Tom.
- 4. The cake is eat by Tom.
Q2. Mary cleans the room. の受動態は?
- 1. The room is cleaned by Mary.
- 2. The room cleans by Mary.
- 3. The room was cleaned by Mary.
- 4. The room is clean by Mary.
Q3. They make cars. の受動態は?
- 1. Cars makes by them.
- 2. Cars are making by them.
- 3. Cars are made by them.
- 4. Cars made by them.
Q4. John writes a letter. の受動態は?
- 1. A letter wrote by John.
- 2. A letter writes by John.
- 3. A letter is write by John.
- 4. A letter is written by John.
Q5. The teacher teaches English. の受動態は?
- 1. English teaches by the teacher.
- 2. English is taught by the teacher.
- 3. English was teach by the teacher.
- 4. English is teaching by the teacher.
Q6. People speak English all over the world. の受動態は?
- 1. English are speak all over the world.
- 2. English is speak all over the world.
- 3. English is spoken all over the world.
- 4. English speaks all over the world.
Q7. She sings a song. の受動態は?
- 1. A song is sung by her.
- 2. A song sings by her.
- 3. A song is sing by her.
- 4. A song sung by her.
Q8. He breaks the window. の受動態は?
- 1. The window breaks by him.
- 2. The window is broken by him.
- 3. The window is break by him.
- 4. The window was broke by him.
Q9. They sell books at the shop. の受動態は?
- 1. Books sells at the shop.
- 2. Books is sold at the shop.
- 3. Books are selling at the shop.
- 4. Books are sold at the shop.
Q10. The police catch the thief. の受動態は?
- 1. The thief is caught by the police.
- 2. The thief catches by the police.
- 3. The thief is catch by the police.
- 4. The thief was catched by the police.
書き換えのコツまとめ(能動態→受動態)
おりばー先生- 目的語を主語にする: 能動態の目的語(何がされる?)を受動態の主語に移す
- 動詞は be動詞+過去分詞: 主語に合わせて be を変化させ、主要動詞は必ず過去分詞に
- by+行為者は必要なときだけ: 行為者を強調・明示したい場合に追加する(例:by Tom)
- 時制と数に注意: 現在なら is/are、過去なら was/were、主語が複数なら are/were
- 不規則過去分詞に慣れる: written, sung, broken, sold, caught など、形の変化を要チェック
- 情報の焦点を入れ替える: 「何がされたか」を主語にして読み手の関心へズームするのが受動態の役割
るなちゃん
おりばー先生
ぴこり
ぜすと君

